Hey Sarah. We don't know each other (except that I'm a reader). Your apartment sounds like hell. I happened to have landed an apartment in the city center (75004) that has AC, plus it's an old stone building that itself is on the cooler side. Friends have come over at times to work during the day. I have a guest room (though only one bath) that won't be used til July 3, though also two cats so visitors can't be allergic (also can't be smokers). I'm in an intense work period (working from home) with lots of life logistics underway so not in a space to socialize a lot, but if you're stuck, reach out!
And let's get together next time you're here! I'm in berkeley July 7 through late August then back in Paris. Email is my full name, no periods or underscores, at gmail.
Thanks you Sarah for sharing what life has been like in Paris during the heat wave, and what citizens are doing to band together and help each other out. It feels like a precursor of what is to come, but your observations remind us of the humanity thats needed to also survive it all 🙏🏼
Asia has always lived and thrived in these hot temperatures. Scientists have urgently been raising alarms about the temperature rising for countries along the equator for decades now.But these were brown and black countries so it was always just a news bite.But now that that heat is turning up in Europe, the conversation about climate change and world getting hotter is again in the zeitgeist.
As an Indian, I can’t help but kinda rejoice in the “now you get it!” moment in all this. 40 degree summers have ALWAYS been our reality. The death toll from heat strokes in our capital, Delhi increases every year. And the income disparity here means the working class is always left to fend for themselves under the scorching sun.
Now that Europe’s in the hot seat(pun intended) maybe we can all collectively start demanding climate solutions for these inhumane temperatures around the globe.
I was in Delhi for July & Bangalore for August 1985. (My husband was working in education development.) We were cosseted, and yet living enough of a real life that I have never forgotten the heat. Perhaps that is why I have been a long-time climate activist. But really, nothing seems to get through to most people except personal experience. <sigh>
I'm in the centre-ouest, the part of France that was first affected, where the heat bowl began, and this is now the third week of +35 degree temperatures plus this entire week has been 40+. I have never experienced anything like this outside of Mali and Senegal, never in Australia. My garden is shrivelling before my eyes. I can't work, my studio is on the second floor where the accumulated heat of three weeks now makes it impossible to be for any length of time except early in the morning. My son is home from school. I had already started thinking about forming a group in my village to discuss rainwater collection techniques and materials. Everything in France happens via committees, so if you want change, you need to first organise a committee and have some meetings with stated objectives. But the way to push our elected representatives is like this. And also if I can make my garden bloom using rainwater, I have something to show my neighbours to convince them. I have already converted my mason and my neighbour who can both see how many birds are in my gardn, to putting out shallow bowsl of water for the birds and the insects. But the water thing is really serious. If ever there was a time to start thinking collectively and to try to drop our differences it's now.
You have to be in it to really comprehend the ripple effects. I have not been able to get work done. My brain isn't working properly. My phone keeps overheating- just walking down the street. So I can't use it to hire bikes. So I;v had to walk everywhere (without a map). Everything is affected. The committee system is tedious...but at times like this you can see how it actually works.
My friend went to Darty to get a fan, all sold out, and told to come back first thing in the morning. She returned next morning before the shop opened to find 50 others in a queue outside who'd been told to do the same thing. Reminded me of the covid toilet paper situation.
I know owning your own bike is not always possible and seems easier to rent especially in larger capitals that you not necessarily live in for a long period of time, but in situations like these, it becomes very obvious how important it is to have things functioning without having to pay or having to rely on a service that you can only access via your phone!
I hope the rain is coming to Paris soon, Germany was also way too hot, but it has cooled off for the time being!
I've been taking 1-2hr walks in the Parc des Buttes Chaumont every morning before the heat is too much. It's making the heatwave bearable
Our Paris flat has no aircon, so we close the shutters, draw the curtains, put the fan on and just sweated out the 4 worst days, in an uncomfortable 31° torpor, just relieved not to be in 41° outside.
I am simultaneously reading The Ministry for the Future, where a heatwave kills 20 million in a week. Perhaps not the best reading material given the circumstances, but the parallel feels visceral.
It is not just the physical discomfort, add the layer of psychological disquiet and this new normal is quite dystopic and unsettling...
Ah yes, at least there's no humidity - that wet bulb stuff hurt my sensitibilities. I saw your tea ceremony details...I will try to make it to one soon!
I've referred friends to The Ministry of the Future by Kim Stanley Robinson for his evocation of that heat bomb that killed so many people because the heat never let up and people couldn't cool off at night. (I also featured him and that book in a book festival I founded and led in Berkeley, CA - where also no one has AC - before moving to Paris in 2023!)
Being in Paris this past week has been a tiny taste of that heat bomb for the "developed world," which mostly has widespread air-conditioning available, in public spaces if not in private homes, in very hot areas. What we are experiencing in Paris is a bit of what the less developed world has been experiencing and will get worse. It's a horrible experience but honestly a good wake up call.
Too late, of course, to substantially change the climate trajectory but not too late to develop approaches collectively to managing the reality as much as we can.
Ministry of the Future - read it about 5 years ago and that first chapter never leaves you. It is seared into my brain. There are places in India where it's in the 50s. WTF?
I have been wondering how you and others are surviving. I am weeping while I read this: weeping for the planet, weeping for everyone suffering, and weeping that people are remembering to be tender with one another and that a kind of humanity that so often gets sideswept in our collective life is being shared. Here where I am we have had record rains that are unlike anything I have seen. There was lots of flooding in my city last week and we had to ration water use and not use washers and dishwashers, and not bathe, as the overland storm catchment ponds overflowed and sewers were backing up. Some people's gardens washed away. We've had a few days of respite but tomorrow we are supposed to get more rain and to expect flooding and rationing again.
Alberta, Canada. My husband was telling he he'd read an explanation of how this record rainfall is how our part of the world is experiencing this particular stage of the El Nino that will hit harder later this year.
I just read about people in hotter climates packing it up by 11am and staying in dark homes with their feet in a basin full of water. It's been hot here in Italy but I think it's more manageable because our houses are built to keep heat out. My house is cool if I close it then it heats up from 4 to 7pm and then cools down again. It's been a out 36-38° unfortunately my dogs are suffering and I can't help but think of all the animals. I've been leaving basins of water with broken ceramics for insects and birds
Yes, I think work hours are going to have to change to be "Greek" in vibes...early start...rest between 1 and 6...work in the eve. It's how I've been having to do it.
Thanks, this is such a vivid account (and the photographs help). Up here in Manchester we've escaped the worst but the nights have still been brutal. London is in a similar state to Paris. I was reading this morning that people with newborns are checking into hotels to keep them safe. And I thought, what happens to the ones whose parents can't do that? It haunts me.
Sarah, I recently completed your excellent book this week. It is a prescient labor of love meant for just this fraught moment in human history. I hope very much to give it a second reading. Your book deserves as wide an audience as possible.
I feel for everyone dealing with this who is not used to living with it. We have always had extreme temperature swings in my region. Some years there is a 150°f difference that happens within the span of 6 months. It is not easy on a person's body. I feel like it's worse for me at times since I work a physical labor job in a steel building with no AC.
Electrolytes are just as important as drinking water when you are under this level of heat. I cannot stress that enough. My job site keeps frozen electrolyte popsicles on hand for us to cool down with and revive us when the heat and sweating becomes too unbearable.
Meanwhile in Montana it’s 6 degrees(47f) last night, with a warm up to 10 degrees today after what seemed like 9 months of winter. I can’t help but wonder how will this be in 10 years. The only solution I can see for Europes hottest cities is to start building underground. It’s either that or mass migration. We need to start now as we are already at the limits of human survival. Food crops are will be a whole other issue. If this is the new normal, migration will likely increase to unmanageable levels. Harsh reality as I see one ton diesel pickups driving by my house all day long with one old tiny human in them and nothing in the back, complete disconnect from reality. This learning curve will be steep. Maybe a learning cliff. I hate the cold but at least you can dress for it, not so much with heat.
I think the solution will be vertical farming - partly underground and fed by recycled rainwater that has been harvested and stored over years (water keeps). Most of southern Europe will have to start building and living underground for half of the year to escape the harsh heat that makes water and sweat evaporate from bodies, plants, rivers and most importantly, soil.
In tropical Cairns (Australia) we have 40 degrees + 90 degree humidity in extended summers which means your sweat can't even evaporate!
Given the state - length and brutality - of the Russian war on Ukrainians, we should probably go into an "Emergency Planning mode" that deals with BOTH the military threat on the EU's northern border AND the climate threats now materialising in the south of Europe, so they can no longer be ignored or minimised.
It will need a whole economy, all of society, long term response as well as ongoing preparations and planning for the climate crisis. Global warming and the massive *environmental damage caused by wars / bombing* will inevitably spark more conflicts, unless we step up our diplomacy skills and "civil infrastructure" ie strengthen our democratic institutions.
You have been talking and writing about this for so long. You told us so and now here it is.
I fly in to Paris to tomorrow for two nights. Feel like I’m heading towards a Cauldron. Thank you for all you share Sarah and please stay as Cool as you can (and are) 🩵.
Arrived in Paris, from Marrakech this afternoon to our 5th floor 5 arrondissement Airbnb. After a cool shower spent the last few hours wetting my towel and dozing. 37 degrees was no breeze for me but we all know you are a tougher cookie than most.
Sitting in bed now with ice cream for dinner watching the lightening show that I’m hoping will bring rain and a cooler day for all tomorrow. I feel grateful 🥹
Just leaving Paris for Sydney now after a much cooler day yesterday 🙏 😅. I love the Musee de Romantiques garden. Was there in 2024 on a hot day. Take care Sarah xx
I remember 2003 from june to august in paris was hell, but this sounds a million times worse! I was fortunate to have escaped paris to ’retire’ in the Lot, where it is still possible to be outside from 5 to 10am when it gets uncomfortable at 35’ and 40’ till 23h. The countryside is beige, the fruit and veg are struggling, cows and sheep are dying from lack of shade etc, and as you say there is no end in sight . Solidarity everyone, and thank the spirit in the sky if you’re not in gaza, lebanon, venezuela, ukraine and the countless suffering places on the planet.
What you have described is eerily similar to a Guardian article published 4 weeks ago, well before the current heatwave, by retired professor Bill McGuire. It predicted what London might be like in summer 2052. Maybe he was too conservative with his timing.
How horrific! I'm sorry you are going through this! We are in for some very tough times indeed. I am glad to hear that people are finding ways to help each other. I watched a video of a chef cooking a steak on the windowsill outside his apartment in Paris yesterday. Just put the pan out there and it was beautifully cooked in 30 minutes. He made it seem fun but it made me want to cry. I live in British Columbia, Canada. We had a heat dome in 2021 that lasted 7 days. 619 people died, along with an estimated 1 billion sea creatures. This still astounds me. It was a living nightmare that I will never forget. Reading your story brings it all back. Most people where I live do not have AC either. I guess that was the warm-up for things to come. It is getting a lot worse now. We need to find ways to adapt and survive together, as there is no way to stop this freight train now.
I hit 'like' but I don't really;lly like the situation with the heat...I guess I do like the situation with camaraderie and human-ness and seeing through to how wrong the ,not only neo-liberal, but all the past political machinations have been. Of course many people always saw it, but leadership skipped the memo and our individual efforts not making a dent kind of show that the majority of us have simply kept contributing to the problems.
Thank you from Arizona for the real update from Paris. Hot, high winds and a nearby forest fire (growing rapidly) over here.
Hey Sarah. We don't know each other (except that I'm a reader). Your apartment sounds like hell. I happened to have landed an apartment in the city center (75004) that has AC, plus it's an old stone building that itself is on the cooler side. Friends have come over at times to work during the day. I have a guest room (though only one bath) that won't be used til July 3, though also two cats so visitors can't be allergic (also can't be smokers). I'm in an intense work period (working from home) with lots of life logistics underway so not in a space to socialize a lot, but if you're stuck, reach out!
Oh, bless you. If i'm stuck I'll certainly sing out. I have a few options to carry me through until I leave July 10.
And let's get together next time you're here! I'm in berkeley July 7 through late August then back in Paris. Email is my full name, no periods or underscores, at gmail.
reach out when you're back late August. I'm away roughly the same period. I used to live in the Bay Area - I went to UCSC.
Sarah’s apartment does sound like hell how are you coping? Praying for cooler temperatures
Thanks you Sarah for sharing what life has been like in Paris during the heat wave, and what citizens are doing to band together and help each other out. It feels like a precursor of what is to come, but your observations remind us of the humanity thats needed to also survive it all 🙏🏼
I am really heartened by how calm Paris has stayed.
Excellent point ! We you know my country people’s disposition for rambunctiousness, it’s amazing !
But it’s not in the sense that when everyone is suffering the same way, it’s a strong unifier.
Except if you’re Yann Barthes and his blatant classist contempt…
Asia has always lived and thrived in these hot temperatures. Scientists have urgently been raising alarms about the temperature rising for countries along the equator for decades now.But these were brown and black countries so it was always just a news bite.But now that that heat is turning up in Europe, the conversation about climate change and world getting hotter is again in the zeitgeist.
As an Indian, I can’t help but kinda rejoice in the “now you get it!” moment in all this. 40 degree summers have ALWAYS been our reality. The death toll from heat strokes in our capital, Delhi increases every year. And the income disparity here means the working class is always left to fend for themselves under the scorching sun.
Now that Europe’s in the hot seat(pun intended) maybe we can all collectively start demanding climate solutions for these inhumane temperatures around the globe.
I was in Delhi for July & Bangalore for August 1985. (My husband was working in education development.) We were cosseted, and yet living enough of a real life that I have never forgotten the heat. Perhaps that is why I have been a long-time climate activist. But really, nothing seems to get through to most people except personal experience. <sigh>
after the ugly shit that ICE inflicted upon white, Christian Americans recently, one of those snarky things I started posting:
"mazel tov you are now Jews like me"
it was shocking for them to grasp how quickly a shitstorm can form up
you get to do the same, eh?
I'm in the centre-ouest, the part of France that was first affected, where the heat bowl began, and this is now the third week of +35 degree temperatures plus this entire week has been 40+. I have never experienced anything like this outside of Mali and Senegal, never in Australia. My garden is shrivelling before my eyes. I can't work, my studio is on the second floor where the accumulated heat of three weeks now makes it impossible to be for any length of time except early in the morning. My son is home from school. I had already started thinking about forming a group in my village to discuss rainwater collection techniques and materials. Everything in France happens via committees, so if you want change, you need to first organise a committee and have some meetings with stated objectives. But the way to push our elected representatives is like this. And also if I can make my garden bloom using rainwater, I have something to show my neighbours to convince them. I have already converted my mason and my neighbour who can both see how many birds are in my gardn, to putting out shallow bowsl of water for the birds and the insects. But the water thing is really serious. If ever there was a time to start thinking collectively and to try to drop our differences it's now.
You have to be in it to really comprehend the ripple effects. I have not been able to get work done. My brain isn't working properly. My phone keeps overheating- just walking down the street. So I can't use it to hire bikes. So I;v had to walk everywhere (without a map). Everything is affected. The committee system is tedious...but at times like this you can see how it actually works.
My friend went to Darty to get a fan, all sold out, and told to come back first thing in the morning. She returned next morning before the shop opened to find 50 others in a queue outside who'd been told to do the same thing. Reminded me of the covid toilet paper situation.
my friend bargained to buy a display fan with no box and chipped paint
Hope you got a fan in the end..
I was glad when my centre rural France neighbors conceded to cancel the fête des voisins and it’s stupid bonfire…
I know owning your own bike is not always possible and seems easier to rent especially in larger capitals that you not necessarily live in for a long period of time, but in situations like these, it becomes very obvious how important it is to have things functioning without having to pay or having to rely on a service that you can only access via your phone!
I hope the rain is coming to Paris soon, Germany was also way too hot, but it has cooled off for the time being!
A very good point
SUGGEST
== solar panels on any available exterior surface to power your own personal fan
== convincing everyone else to do the same
== promoting training in first aid specific to heat-related illnesses
== tracking tricks-tweaks-fixes from other more miserable cities... New York City, Phoenix, Los Angeles, etc
starting here https://portal.311.nyc.gov/article/?kanumber=KA-02663
== bitter joke? "Phoenix in 2026 is NYC in 2046"
== a new bitter joke? "NYC in 2026 is Paris in 2046"
I've been taking 1-2hr walks in the Parc des Buttes Chaumont every morning before the heat is too much. It's making the heatwave bearable
Our Paris flat has no aircon, so we close the shutters, draw the curtains, put the fan on and just sweated out the 4 worst days, in an uncomfortable 31° torpor, just relieved not to be in 41° outside.
I am simultaneously reading The Ministry for the Future, where a heatwave kills 20 million in a week. Perhaps not the best reading material given the circumstances, but the parallel feels visceral.
It is not just the physical discomfort, add the layer of psychological disquiet and this new normal is quite dystopic and unsettling...
Ah yes, at least there's no humidity - that wet bulb stuff hurt my sensitibilities. I saw your tea ceremony details...I will try to make it to one soon!
I've referred friends to The Ministry of the Future by Kim Stanley Robinson for his evocation of that heat bomb that killed so many people because the heat never let up and people couldn't cool off at night. (I also featured him and that book in a book festival I founded and led in Berkeley, CA - where also no one has AC - before moving to Paris in 2023!)
Being in Paris this past week has been a tiny taste of that heat bomb for the "developed world," which mostly has widespread air-conditioning available, in public spaces if not in private homes, in very hot areas. What we are experiencing in Paris is a bit of what the less developed world has been experiencing and will get worse. It's a horrible experience but honestly a good wake up call.
Too late, of course, to substantially change the climate trajectory but not too late to develop approaches collectively to managing the reality as much as we can.
Ministry of the Future - read it about 5 years ago and that first chapter never leaves you. It is seared into my brain. There are places in India where it's in the 50s. WTF?
Great book, though! :)
I have been wondering how you and others are surviving. I am weeping while I read this: weeping for the planet, weeping for everyone suffering, and weeping that people are remembering to be tender with one another and that a kind of humanity that so often gets sideswept in our collective life is being shared. Here where I am we have had record rains that are unlike anything I have seen. There was lots of flooding in my city last week and we had to ration water use and not use washers and dishwashers, and not bathe, as the overland storm catchment ponds overflowed and sewers were backing up. Some people's gardens washed away. We've had a few days of respite but tomorrow we are supposed to get more rain and to expect flooding and rationing again.
Thanks for thinking of the people here. The calm and tolerance is actually a marvel.
you gotta be specific
what city? which storm? how deep the flooding?
been a lot of flooding and shitstorms
not all being mentioned on CBS-NBC-CNN here in USA
Where are you located?
Alberta, Canada. My husband was telling he he'd read an explanation of how this record rainfall is how our part of the world is experiencing this particular stage of the El Nino that will hit harder later this year.
I just read about people in hotter climates packing it up by 11am and staying in dark homes with their feet in a basin full of water. It's been hot here in Italy but I think it's more manageable because our houses are built to keep heat out. My house is cool if I close it then it heats up from 4 to 7pm and then cools down again. It's been a out 36-38° unfortunately my dogs are suffering and I can't help but think of all the animals. I've been leaving basins of water with broken ceramics for insects and birds
Yes, I think work hours are going to have to change to be "Greek" in vibes...early start...rest between 1 and 6...work in the eve. It's how I've been having to do it.
Have you tried cooling mats for your dogs, I bought one for my collie last year.
Thanks, this is such a vivid account (and the photographs help). Up here in Manchester we've escaped the worst but the nights have still been brutal. London is in a similar state to Paris. I was reading this morning that people with newborns are checking into hotels to keep them safe. And I thought, what happens to the ones whose parents can't do that? It haunts me.
Sarah, I recently completed your excellent book this week. It is a prescient labor of love meant for just this fraught moment in human history. I hope very much to give it a second reading. Your book deserves as wide an audience as possible.
Thank you!
I feel for everyone dealing with this who is not used to living with it. We have always had extreme temperature swings in my region. Some years there is a 150°f difference that happens within the span of 6 months. It is not easy on a person's body. I feel like it's worse for me at times since I work a physical labor job in a steel building with no AC.
Electrolytes are just as important as drinking water when you are under this level of heat. I cannot stress that enough. My job site keeps frozen electrolyte popsicles on hand for us to cool down with and revive us when the heat and sweating becomes too unbearable.
Meanwhile in Montana it’s 6 degrees(47f) last night, with a warm up to 10 degrees today after what seemed like 9 months of winter. I can’t help but wonder how will this be in 10 years. The only solution I can see for Europes hottest cities is to start building underground. It’s either that or mass migration. We need to start now as we are already at the limits of human survival. Food crops are will be a whole other issue. If this is the new normal, migration will likely increase to unmanageable levels. Harsh reality as I see one ton diesel pickups driving by my house all day long with one old tiny human in them and nothing in the back, complete disconnect from reality. This learning curve will be steep. Maybe a learning cliff. I hate the cold but at least you can dress for it, not so much with heat.
the irony of the colonisers needing to migrate! but where?
food security is a massive issue no one is facing.
I think the solution will be vertical farming - partly underground and fed by recycled rainwater that has been harvested and stored over years (water keeps). Most of southern Europe will have to start building and living underground for half of the year to escape the harsh heat that makes water and sweat evaporate from bodies, plants, rivers and most importantly, soil.
In tropical Cairns (Australia) we have 40 degrees + 90 degree humidity in extended summers which means your sweat can't even evaporate!
Given the state - length and brutality - of the Russian war on Ukrainians, we should probably go into an "Emergency Planning mode" that deals with BOTH the military threat on the EU's northern border AND the climate threats now materialising in the south of Europe, so they can no longer be ignored or minimised.
It will need a whole economy, all of society, long term response as well as ongoing preparations and planning for the climate crisis. Global warming and the massive *environmental damage caused by wars / bombing* will inevitably spark more conflicts, unless we step up our diplomacy skills and "civil infrastructure" ie strengthen our democratic institutions.
You mean the Roman’s?, isn’t that the last time Europe was colonized.
You have been talking and writing about this for so long. You told us so and now here it is.
I fly in to Paris to tomorrow for two nights. Feel like I’m heading towards a Cauldron. Thank you for all you share Sarah and please stay as Cool as you can (and are) 🩵.
Today it is significantly cooler - a breeze! You should be fine. Just join us in the human soup. It's an interesting experience.
Arrived in Paris, from Marrakech this afternoon to our 5th floor 5 arrondissement Airbnb. After a cool shower spent the last few hours wetting my towel and dozing. 37 degrees was no breeze for me but we all know you are a tougher cookie than most.
Sitting in bed now with ice cream for dinner watching the lightening show that I’m hoping will bring rain and a cooler day for all tomorrow. I feel grateful 🥹
hope you enjoy Paris now that it's cooler. Try the Musee des Romantiuqes in the 9e. Lovely cool garden, free, cute.
Just leaving Paris for Sydney now after a much cooler day yesterday 🙏 😅. I love the Musee de Romantiques garden. Was there in 2024 on a hot day. Take care Sarah xx
I remember 2003 from june to august in paris was hell, but this sounds a million times worse! I was fortunate to have escaped paris to ’retire’ in the Lot, where it is still possible to be outside from 5 to 10am when it gets uncomfortable at 35’ and 40’ till 23h. The countryside is beige, the fruit and veg are struggling, cows and sheep are dying from lack of shade etc, and as you say there is no end in sight . Solidarity everyone, and thank the spirit in the sky if you’re not in gaza, lebanon, venezuela, ukraine and the countless suffering places on the planet.
I think that spirit often
What you have described is eerily similar to a Guardian article published 4 weeks ago, well before the current heatwave, by retired professor Bill McGuire. It predicted what London might be like in summer 2052. Maybe he was too conservative with his timing.
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2026/may/26/heatwaves-britain-2052-sleep-hot-houses-water-climate?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other
I saw that. The French meteo also did a map of 2050 predicted temps for heat waves in France. They, too, were underestimations
How horrific! I'm sorry you are going through this! We are in for some very tough times indeed. I am glad to hear that people are finding ways to help each other. I watched a video of a chef cooking a steak on the windowsill outside his apartment in Paris yesterday. Just put the pan out there and it was beautifully cooked in 30 minutes. He made it seem fun but it made me want to cry. I live in British Columbia, Canada. We had a heat dome in 2021 that lasted 7 days. 619 people died, along with an estimated 1 billion sea creatures. This still astounds me. It was a living nightmare that I will never forget. Reading your story brings it all back. Most people where I live do not have AC either. I guess that was the warm-up for things to come. It is getting a lot worse now. We need to find ways to adapt and survive together, as there is no way to stop this freight train now.
Yes, the attempts to make light of things upsets me too - it makes me aware of how vulnerable and naive we humans are...
I hit 'like' but I don't really;lly like the situation with the heat...I guess I do like the situation with camaraderie and human-ness and seeing through to how wrong the ,not only neo-liberal, but all the past political machinations have been. Of course many people always saw it, but leadership skipped the memo and our individual efforts not making a dent kind of show that the majority of us have simply kept contributing to the problems.
Thank you from Arizona for the real update from Paris. Hot, high winds and a nearby forest fire (growing rapidly) over here.
stay safe with that fire!